Study lectures from Monday, 11 November through end of semester.
Study questions and answers to Midterms I and II
Study Additional readings: Kung Fu Kerosene Drinking and Batmom's Daily Nightmare

Chapter 13. MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS

• THE EVOLUTION OF MALES AND FEMALES--Study ideas.
• Parental Investment--Know definition well.
• SEXUAL SELECTION AND PARENTAL INVESTMENT--Study in detail.
• Sex Role Reversals as a Test of the Theory of Sex Differences--general, focus on last katydid example.
• COMPETITION FOR COPULATIONS--Study in detail.
• Social Dominance and Fitness--general content only.


• Alternative Mating Behaviors--General content only--also see lecture notes.
• Strategies or Tactics? Study and know definitions of ESS, frequency dependent selection, and conditional strategy.
• Three strategies of a Marine Isopod--Study in detail and note that this is an excellent example of mixed reproductive strategies.
• Three Strategies of a Scorpionfly--General content (good example of a conditional strategy.
• COMPETITION FOR EGGS TO FERTILIZE--General content only, but know a sperm competition example.
• Sperm Competition and Mate Guarding--General, know an example of mate guarding.
• MATE CHOICE BY FEMALES IN RELATION TO MATERNAL BENEFITS FROM MALES--General content only.
• Mate Choice and Nuptial Gifts--General content only.
• Spermatophores as Nuptial Gifts--Know definition and example of spermatophore.
• Mate Choice and Access to Monopolized Resources--Study, know bullfrog example.
• Mate Choice and Male Parental Care--Study moorhen example--note that females prefer small fat males.
• MATE CHOICE BY FEMALES WHEN MALES OFFER SPERM ALONE--General content, but study bowerbird example.
• Female Preferences for Extravagant Traits--Study in detail.
• Testing the Good Genes and Runaway Selection Hypotheses--Study Moller's results.

CHAPTER 14. THE ECOLOGY OF MATING SYSTEMS

• DIVERSITY IN MALE MATING SYSTEMS--Know definitions and examples of each type of mating system.
• Hypotheses on Monogamy in Males--General content only.
• Monogamy in Mammals--General content only.
• Monogamy in Birds--Study contrast between snow buntings (who provision young) and ptarmigan (whose young are precocial).
• Exta-pair Copulations in "Monogamous" Birds--General content only.
• Extra-pair Copulations from the Female's Perspective--Study and know examples showing copulations to increase fertilization rates, for good genes, and for additional care.
• POLYANDRY--General content but study Spotted Sandpiper example.
• THE VARIETIES OF POLYGYNY--General content but know example of female defense polygyny--also note that bighorn sheep are not territorial. Also recall lecture on primate social organization which showed that a single adult male could exclude other adult males only if female group size was small, i.e., females are clumped but not highly clumped.
• Female Defense Polygyny: The Female Perspective--General content but know the contrast between marmots and birds.
• Resource Defense Polygyny--know definition and contrast with female defense polygyny.
• Resource Defense Polygyny: The Female Perspective--Study Pied Flycatcher example as one of deception and poly--(more than one)--territoriality.
• Scramble Competition Polygyny--know definition and an example.
• Lek Polygyny--know definition and an example.
• Why Do Leks Form Where They Do?--study in detail.
• The Lek Paradox and Female Choice--Study in detail, particularly fallow deer example (also see lecture notes for complete paradox).
• THE MATING SYSTEMS OF THE DUNNOCK--Study and know the reasons for the variability.

CHAPTER 15. CARING FOR OFFSPRING

• WHY IS PARENTAL CARE MORE OFTEN PROVIDED BY FEMALES?--General content only.
• The Order of Gamete Release Hypothesis--General content only.
  
• The Association with Young Hypothesis--general content only.
  
• Why Are Male Fishes So Often Paternal?--Study in detail.
  
• Why Are Male Burying Beetles Paternal?--General content only.
• HOW TO MAXIMIZE THE PARENTAL PAYOFF--Study free-tailed bat example.
• Offspring Recognition: Comparative Studies--Study swallow examples.
• Offspring Recognition in Gulls?--General content only, but note that chicks being poorly provisioned in their own nests may be enhancing their chances of surviving by moving to another nest where they may win an "intergenerational conflict" with the parents if they are adopted.
• Adoption in the Fathead Minnow--General content only.
• Tolerance of Siblicide: A Parental Puzzle--General content only (also see lecture notes).
• Chapter 16. THE ECOLOGY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
• THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF SOCIALITY--General content only.
• THE EVOLUTION OF HELPFUL BEHAVIOR--Know definitions of mutualism, reciprocity, altruism, and spite.
• Altruism and Indirect Selection--Study in detail and know definition of indirect selection.
• Hamilton's Rule--Study in detail.
• Helpers at the Nest--Study in detail.
• Alarm calls and Indirect Selection--Study in detail and know reasons why alarm calls of Belding's ground squirrels are based on indirect selection.
• Mating Cooperation among Males--Study in detail.
• Manakin Coalitions and Cooperative Courtship--General content only.
• Coalitions among Baboons--General content only.
• THE EVOLUTION OF EUSOCIAL BEHAVIOR--Study in detail and know annual cycle of Polistes.
• Eusociality and Indirect Selection--General content but study Fig. 19.
• Testing Indirect Selection Hypothesis for Eusociality--General content only but understand the basis for asymmetries of coefficients of relatedness in Hymenoptera.
• Eusociality and Direct Selection--General content only.
• The Ecology of Eusociality--Study in detail.

Chapter 17. AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR

• THE ADAPTATIONIST APPROACH TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR--General content only.
• THE SOCIOBIOLOGY CONTROVERSY--General but make sure you understand the arguments against the statements in bold-face quotes.
• A STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING SOCIOBIOLOGICAL HYPOTHESES--General content only.
• Alternative Hypotheses on Adoption--study reasons for adoption in Oceania.
• ADAPTIVE DECISION-MAKING: HUMAN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR--General content only.
• Male Competition for Mates--General content only.
• Coercive Sex--General content only.
• Sperm Competition and Mate Guarding--General content only.
• Female Mate Choice--Study in detail.
• Male Mate Choice--Study in detail.
• ADAPTIVE DECISION-MAKING: PARENTAL CARE--General content only.
• Helping Children Marry: Dowries and Bridewealth Payments--Study in detail and know definitions of bridewealth and dowry.

ALSO SCAN THE GLOSSARY IF YOU ARE UNSURE OF ANY DEFINITIONS

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